# EMU Z₁ Projections to 2060

## Cross-Sectional Dispersion

| Decade | Z₁ Mean | Z₁ Std Dev | N Countries |
|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| 2000 | 0.4287 | 0.3830 | 19 |
| 2010 | 0.6409 | 0.3880 | 19 |
| 2020 | 0.6922 | 0.3828 | 19 |
| 2030 | 0.6677 | 0.3766 | 19 |
| 2040 | 1.7350 | 0.3597 | 19 |
| 2050 | 1.6137 | 0.3560 | 19 |
| 2060 | 1.4464 | 0.3637 | 19 |

## Country Z₁ Levels

| Country | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 | 2060 |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| AUT | 0.636 | 0.830 | 0.784 | 0.765 | 1.862 | 1.743 | 1.469 |
| BEL | 0.691 | 0.702 | 0.558 | 0.496 | 1.518 | 1.333 | 1.139 |
| CYP | -0.449 | -0.191 | -0.016 | 0.008 | 1.256 | 1.391 | 1.398 |
| DEU | 0.926 | 1.194 | 1.092 | 0.942 | 1.892 | 1.618 | 1.208 |
| ESP | 0.656 | 0.739 | 0.903 | 1.033 | 2.217 | 2.162 | 1.963 |
| EST | 0.519 | 0.718 | 0.689 | 0.691 | 1.779 | 1.639 | 1.527 |
| FIN | 0.597 | 0.795 | 0.821 | 0.784 | 1.716 | 1.474 | 1.327 |
| FRA | 0.488 | 0.583 | 0.591 | 0.513 | 1.423 | 1.133 | 0.882 |
| GRC | 0.698 | 0.937 | 1.074 | 1.118 | 2.143 | 1.967 | 1.735 |
| IRL | -0.273 | -0.286 | -0.146 | -0.080 | 1.017 | 0.965 | 0.940 |
| ITA | 1.044 | 1.214 | 1.325 | 1.347 | 2.435 | 2.320 | 2.063 |
| LTU | 0.202 | 0.689 | 0.839 | 0.656 | 1.817 | 1.799 | 1.760 |
| LUX | 0.407 | 0.359 | 0.212 | 0.106 | 1.238 | 1.235 | 1.123 |
| LVA | 0.530 | 0.793 | 0.831 | 0.735 | 1.778 | 1.611 | 1.495 |
| MLT | 0.132 | 0.586 | 0.543 | 0.684 | 1.947 | 2.077 | 2.167 |
| NLD | 0.373 | 0.543 | 0.606 | 0.447 | 1.392 | 1.245 | 1.047 |
| PRT | 0.594 | 0.890 | 1.161 | 1.101 | 2.000 | 1.717 | 1.364 |
| SVK | -0.111 | 0.261 | 0.414 | 0.509 | 1.675 | 1.606 | 1.504 |
| SVN | 0.486 | 0.822 | 0.872 | 0.832 | 1.863 | 1.627 | 1.369 |

*Z₁ values from UN WPP population projections. Higher Z₁ indicates older demographic structure.*